Bathymetric Map

A Bathymetric map is a type of contour map that measures sea floor elevation. It is measured and designed in the same way as a topographic map. The depth of the ocean floor is measured through the use of depth sounding. The picture above shows a bathymetric map of the world’s oceans. The different depths are easily seen through use of a key: the deeper the ocean, the deeper the color blue. Bathymetric maps are useful for marine navigation and studies.

http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/world-ocean-bathymetric-map

Isopach

An isopach map is a type of contour map that measures equal rock or sediment thickness. Isopachs disregard geological reasons for thickening and thinning of different formations. Isopachs can be useful for many reasons such as estimating the volumes of volcanic ashes. The isopach pictured above uses contour lines and colors to show the difference in sediment thickness of the Rio Blanco Tephra Deposit.

http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/barker/kempter/rbtephra.html

Isotach

An isotach is a type of contour map that is used in meteorology to measure equal wind speeds. Through the use of contour lines and different colors, the different speeds and forces can be shown. This type of map is used to locate the jet stream and jet streaks. The picture above is an isotach for the United States. Using a key, the speed and force of the wind for different states can be determined by comparing the different colors and symbols.

http://www.erh.noaa.gov/gsp/localdat/cases/2008/IdesOfMarchSupercells/IdesOfMarch2008.html

Isobar

An isobar is a commonly used chart in meteorology that shows equal barometric pressure. There are four rules when drawing isobars. 1. Isobars can never cross or touch. 2. Isobar lines can only pass through pressures of 1000 +/- 4. 3. The atmospheric pressure is given in millibars. 4. Different pressures due to elevation are ignored. The isobar map pictured above exhibits the different levels for pressure during a low-pressure system near West Virginia and Ohio.

http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect14/Sect14_1c.html

Topographic Map

A topographic map is similar to a planimteric map, however, elevation and depth are included. Contour lines and different colors are used to distinguish between the topography of different areas. The detail allows for easy analysis of the land being mapped. Topographic maps are most commonly used as GPS devices. Topographic maps are sometimes referred to as contour maps. The picture above is a historic topographic map. The contour lines and different colors seen in the map distinguish the different elevations of the location presented.




http://www.gelib.com/historic-topographic-maps.htm

Planimetric Map

A Planimetric map, sometimes called a line map or street map, is a map that is used to show only the horizontal position for the location shown. Elevation and depth are not included on the map. Planimetric maps are used for special reasons and can be designed in different ways. Planimetric maps can show transportation routes, water bodies, valleys and mountains minus their elevation or depth. The Planimetric map shown above displays the outline of Buckthorn Drive. The road, homes, and trees are shown without elevation or height.

http://www.webs1.uidaho.edu/niatt_labmanual/Chapters/roadwaydesign/theoryandconcepts/SurveysAndMaps.htm

Similarity Matrix

A similarity matrix is a type of matrix that shows the similarities between two variables of data. A stronger similarity implies a greater value of measure. The picture exhibits a similarity matrix from the SRI Malware Cluster Laboratory. The level of similarity is shown using colors. The more similar results are identified by the highest number which in this example is 1.0. The number one is pictured on the graph using the color red. The areas of least similarity are colored blue.

http://cgi.mtc.sri.com/Cluster-Lab/

Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

A DEM is a model that is used to represent the height of earth surface for the given area. Most DEMs are completed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). DEM uses a fixed grid interval that is always referenced to some geographical coordinate system. The DEM is a generic form of the DSM and DTM. The picture above shows a DEM for the state of California. It is interesting to note the changes in elevations throughout the state of California due to its vast size.



http://mapsof.net/map/digital-elevation-map-california

Bilateral Graph

A bilateral graph portrays the comparison of two related variables. The graph can display positive and negative data. The chart can be displayed as a curve, line, or bar graph. The bilateral bar graph picture above shows the Profit- and Dividend Status of 348 Corporations in the United States for the period from 1929 to 1935.


http://www.scribd.com/doc/53502496/5/BILATERAL-BAR-CHARTS

Scatterplot

A scatter plot is a plot that shows the relationship between a dependent and independent variable on a Cartesian coordinate. This type of plot is used commonly in experimental data collection with many trials. After all the data has been collected, a scatter plot can be formed. A line of best fit is then drawn to help determine the correlation and factors such as acceleration of a certain object. The example scatter plot comes from my biochemistry lab. The experiment was on enzyme kinetics. A scatter plot was used to display the relationship between substrate concentration verses the initial velocity. A line of best fit was determined. The numbers from the best fit line were used to calculate the maximum rate of the catalyzed reaction and the KM.

Box Plot

A box plot or box and whisker plot is a graph that is used to display statistical data. The box plot consists of five parts. The beginning of the plot starts with the minimum value of the data. The second point, the lower quartile, signals the formation of the box. The third point signals the median value of the data. The fourth point, the upper quartile, signals the end of the box. The fifth point signals the maximum point for the set of data. The box plot can be used to analyze data. It is easy to show if the data is skewed, and it is easy to determine outliers. The example picture uses multiple box plots to show the relationship between the day of the week and the amount of times a certain website was hit. It can be determined that Tuesday had the most hits, and Monday had the widest range for amount of hits. It can also be determined that this website may be used mostly by businesses because Saturday had the least amount of hits and the most outliers.

Ex. --> to show where points located

http://support.sas.com/rnd/app/da/new/daunivariate.html

http://ellerbruch.nmu.edu/cs255/jnord/boxplot.html

Thematic Map

A thematic map is a map that is used to show the relationship of a variable over a certain area. The five types of thematic maps are the choropleth map, graduated symbols, contour map, dot map, and dasymetric mapping. Choropleth maps show quantitative data using different colors. A gradated symbol map uses symbols to represent data. A contour map uses isolines. A dot map uses dots to show a spatial pattern. A dasytmetric map is similar to the choropleth but uses extra statistics. The example thematic map shows the results of the 2000 presidential election. The map would be classified as a type of dasymetric map because like a choropleth map, it uses colors. It also uses statistical data, or Electoral College votes.

http://kc-johnson.com/week-of-april-27/

Wind Rose

A wind rose map is a map used by meteorologist to help determine the wind speed and direction. The map is measured using concentric circles. Each circle represents a different speed or frequency of the wind. The direction of the spoke shows the direction of the wind. The map shows data on the average wind speed and direction for a particular length of time. A key is used with different colors, much like a Doppler radar, to show the differences in wind strength. The example wind rose pictured above shows the wind direction and speed for Hurricane Frances and Jeanne in August of 2004.

http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/research/2006/canker/

Cartographic Animation

Cartographic animation, also known as animated mapping, is a map that allows the viewer to see the change of what is being mapped over a variable. The types of variables used in this type of mapping can be divided into temporal and non-temporal. A temporal map measures a change over time. These maps are most commonly used in weather forecasting. Not only do these maps show the change in weather over time, but they also show the direction of the weather system being tracked. A non-temporal map can have many different types of variables. An example of a non-temporal map is a fly over. A fly over involves a change in location being presented through a series of maps in quick succession. The picture above is an example of a temporal cartographic animation of hurricane Ivan. The cartographic animation showed the path of the hurricane over time.

http://hurricanehistory.org/resources/Hurricane-Ivan.html

Stem and Leaf Plot

A stem and leaf plot is a type of plot that helps organize data. It is comprised of two sections, the stem and the leaf. The steam column holds all numbers except the number in the ones place. The leaf column holds the number in the ones place. For example, if you had the number 927 the nine and two would be in the stem column and the seven would be in the leaf column. By organizing data into stem and leaf plots, identification of trends throughout the data can be easily seen. It also makes it simple to find the median and mode of the number set. The example stem and leaf plot pictured above shows a range of temperatures recorded over a period of time.


http://emed.nucenter.org/groups/dataprobability/blog/